Non-animal methods in infection & inflammation research

At Jena University Hospital, we rebuild the human gut, lung and liver on chip, as immunocompetent living tissue models that let us study how pathogens, microbiota and the immune system interact, without animal experiments.

We study infection and inflammation in human tissue, not in animals.

Most infection research still relies on animal models, which respond differently from the human immune system. We rebuild the relevant human context in microphysiological models, from organoids of induced pluripotent and adult stem cells to organ-on-chip and multi-organ systems, growing living tissues of the gut, lung and liver in which epithelium, immune cells and microorganisms interact.

Our focus is the organ-specific immune system and its interaction with commensal and pathogenic microorganisms in the tissue microenvironment. Because these models are human and immunocompetent, they let us study infection and inflammation in ways that reduce and increasingly replace animal experiments, following the 3R principle.

78 peer-reviewed articles30+ funded projects Gut · Lung · Liver on-chip models
Our research

Organ-on-chip models of infection & immunity

Intestine-on-chip

Where microbes and immunity negotiate

The gut is a constant negotiation between the microbiota, its metabolites and the immune system. Our immunocompetent intestine-on-chip rebuilds the mucosal barrier together with resident immune cells and a living microbiota, and reproduces the peristaltic motion of the tissue. It lets us follow how commensal colonisation, enteric infection and dysbiosis shift the balance between tolerance and inflammation, across questions that reach from cholera and Clostridioides difficile to inflammatory bowel disease, and test how microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids steer the tissue toward defence or disease.

Intestine-on-chip publications →Intestine-on-chip videos →
Lung-on-chip

A breath-thin barrier under attack

From the nose through the bronchi to the alveolus, the airways defend a vast surface against inhaled pathogens. We rebuild the upper and lower respiratory tract on chip, modelling the nasal and bronchial mucosa alongside the immunocompetent alveolus, to follow influenza A infection, Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and the bacterial superinfection and persistence that often follow a viral insult, together with antiviral and antibiotic drug responses. Together with our gut models, it also opens the gut-lung axis that links intestinal health to respiratory viral disease.

Lung-on-chip publications →Lung-on-chip videos →
Liver-on-chip

The body's response to systemic infection

The liver orchestrates how the whole body reacts to infection. Our vascularised liver-on-chip models the hepatic acute-phase response, steatotic liver disease and drug metabolism along the gut-liver axis, revealing how the organ adapts, and sometimes fails, under inflammatory stress. As the filter organ of the circulation, it is also where pathogens spreading from distant sites are met and cleared. By connecting our lung and liver models into a multi-organ system, we open the lung-liver axis, following how infections such as Staphylococcus aureus disseminate through the body and how a compromised liver shifts the balance.

Liver-on-chip publications →Liver-on-chip videos →

Across these organ models, our work centres on a single relationship, how the microbiota and the human immune system shape one another within the distinct microenvironment of each organ, in health and in disease. We are particularly interested in the plasticity of myeloid cells and in the tissue-resident immune niches that decide whether infection and inflammation resolve or progress to organ dysfunction. To study this we build immunocompetent organ-on-chip models on microfluidic biochips developed in our group, from primary human cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells, and read them out with spatial omics, advanced microscopy and quantitative image analysis, increasingly coupled with computational in silico models. Across viral and bacterial infection, mycoses, chronic inflammation and the immune toxicity of cellular cancer therapies, this lets us resolve disease mechanisms in human tissue and translate them into new approaches for prevention and treatment that reduce the need for animal experiments.

Latest work

Recent publications

All publications →
Pomraenke, M., Greiser, J., Perkas, O., Zehner, L., Wegner, V.D., Gaßler, M., Mosig, A.S., Huebner, K., Schneider-Stock, R., Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy, N., Freesmeyer, M. (2026). Expanding CAM models, in vivo PET/CT imaging of cancer xenografts on the ostrich CAM. ACS Applied Bio Materials. DOI ↗ Allwang, M., Wipplinger, M., Akbarimoghaddam, P., Alonso-Román, R., Cseresnyes, Z., Dietschmann, A., Wegner, V., Feile, A., Bachelot, Y., Warschinke, M., Hassan, M.I.A., Mittag, S., Huber, O., Hube, B., Gresnigt, M.S., Figge, M.T., Mosig, A.S. (2026). Human colitis-on-chip model reveals dual roles of butyrate in epithelial and macrophage defense against Candida albicans tissue invasion. Small (Weinheim, Germany), e00074. DOI ↗ Kaden, T., Allwang, M., Stallhofer, J., Graf, K., Raasch, M., Mosig, A.S. (2026). Secondary bile acid lithocholic acid ameliorates colitis-like inflammation in a human intestine-on-chip system. Frontiers in Immunology, 17, 1761539. DOI ↗ Wegner, V.D., Warschinke, M., Ben Brahim, I., Feile, A., Huber, K.E., Mosig, A.S. (2026). Modeling Clostridioides difficile toxin pathogenesis and antiserum protection in an immunocompetent intestine-on-chip platform. Scientific Reports, 16(1), 9233. DOI ↗ Gauthier, L.*, Koceva, H.*, Bachelot, Y., Koutstaal, R., van Kasteren, P., Figge, M.T., Eggeling, C., Mosig, A.S. (2025). Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar type II in vitro model to study influenza A virus infection and drug treatments. Advanced Healthcare Materials, e05141. (* contributed equally). DOI ↗ Kapitan, M., Niemiec, M.J., Swidergall, M., Millet, N., Brandt, P., Chowdhury, E., Hoffmann, F., Höring, S., Lange, A., Veleba, M., Nietzsche, S., Mosig, A.S., Löffler, B., Kline, K., Vylkova, S., Jacobsen, I.D. (2025). Synergistic cross-kingdom host cell damage with Candida albicans relies on Enterococcus faecalis cytolysin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(46), e2505310122. DOI ↗

68 peer-reviewed original articles and 10 reviews, each listed with its full author line. See the complete publication list or the record on ORCID.

In progress

Current projects

A selection of our ongoing, third-party funded work.

All projects & funding →

2026 2

VIBRO-3R · Human infection model for Vibrio cholerae as an alternative to animal testing
Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)04/2026 to 03/2029Consortium coordinator · Subproject lead
Microbiome Interactions in the Respiratory and Gut Epithelium (MIRAGE)
German Research Foundation (DFG)Grant EXC 2051 · Project ID 39071386001/2026 to 06/2030Consortium coordinator · Subproject lead

2025 4

Exploring the role of pathogen interactions in the transition of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis to pneumonia
German Research Foundation (DFG)Grant MO 2968/6-110/2025 to 09/2028Project lead
AutOoC · Automated organ-on-chip platform for infection research
Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)10/2025 to 09/2030Subproject lead
Biomechanical forces and cellular responses in platyhelminths and host cells (SPP 2332 “Physics of Parasites”)
German Research Foundation (DFG)Grant MO 2968/4-209/2025 to 08/2028Project lead
GSK
06/2025 to 05/2027

2024 3

VaskuChip · Vascularised liver-on-chip model for personalised drug testing (Thüringer Aufbaubank, FTI collaborative funding)
State of Thuringia10/2024 to 09/2027Consortium partner · Project lead
MPS@NOVA Hub · Mechanisms of chronic diseases and host-microbe interactions with advanced microphysiological systems and pluripotent stem cell technologies
European CommissionGrant HORIZON-WIDERA-2023-ACCESS-0206/2024 to 05/2027Consortium partner · Project lead
CF-on-chip · Modelling cystic fibrosis and associated infections in a bronchiole-on-chip model for drug testing
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK)Grant KK5584501ML304/2024 to 10/2026Project lead

2021 3

Inno4Vac · Human next-generation mucosal models and assays to accelerate vaccine development (IMI2)
European CommissionGrant 10100779906/2021 to 05/2026Principal Investigator · Work Package Lead · ST3 Steering Committee
Highly parallel profiling of the host response to life-threatening infections (base technology of the Leibniz Institute for Photonics in Infection Research)
Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)Grant 13N1571606/2021 to 05/2026Project lead
SARSCoV2Dx · Early and rapid methods for the diagnosis and therapy of virus infections (Leibniz Institute for Photonics in Infection Research)
Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)Grant 13N1574506/2021 to 05/2026Project lead
Principal investigator

About the lab head

Prof. Dr. Alexander S. Mosig

Prof. Dr. Alexander S. Mosig

Head of the NAMIR research group · Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital

Alexander Mosig is a biochemist and cell biologist whose work is driven by the question, how the human immune system, and the innate immune system in particular, orchestrates its response to infection and inflammation. During his doctoral work he began using complex in vitro systems to study organ-specific immune responses, and his research has since centred on organ-on-chip models and the 3R principle of replacing, reducing and refining animal experiments.

He studied biochemistry and completed his doctorate on immune cells in vascular disease at Jena University Hospital, before turning to microphysiological models during his postdoctoral years. In 2017 he habilitated in biochemistry and cell biology at Friedrich Schiller University Jena with work on microphysiological systems of the liver and the blood-brain barrier. He heads the NAMIR research group at the Institute of Biochemistry II. In 2018 he co-founded Dynamic42, a spin-off that carries the organ-on-chip technology developed in Jena into industrial drug and safety testing.

His group studies the host-microbiota interface and the adaptive immune response to changes in the microbiota during infection and inflammation, with a particular focus on the plasticity of myeloid cells and the immunological niches shaped by microbes and their metabolites. Using primary human cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, he models viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infection and inflammatory disease in the gut, lung and liver, work recognised among others by the 2017 research award of the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture for 3R methods.

Full curriculum vitae →
Who we are

The team

An interdisciplinary group of biochemists, cell biologists and microbiologists investigating infection, inflammation and the immune response in human tissue models.

Let's work together

We welcome partners, students and collaborators who share our commitment to human-relevant, animal-free research.

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